They generally do not live in freshwater, although there are a few known exceptions, such as the bull shark and the river shark, which can be found in both seawater and freshwater. Sharks are found in all seas and are common to depths up to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). They range in size from the small dwarf lanternshark ( Etmopterus perryi), a deep sea species that is only 17 centimetres (6.7 in) in length, to the whale shark ( Rhincodon typus), the largest fish in the world, which reaches approximately 12 metres (40 ft) in length. Since then, sharks have diversified into over 500 species. Modern sharks first appeared and diversified during the Jurassic period. However, the term "shark" is also used to refer to extinct shark-like members of the subclass Elasmobranchii, such as hybodonts, that lie outside the modern group. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachimorpha (or Selachii) and are the sister group to the rays. Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Wild card: A card or cards, established before the game begins, that can be designated by the holder to stand for any other card.Clockwise from top left: spiny dogfish, Australian angelshark, whale shark, great white shark, horn shark, frilled shark, scalloped hammerhead and Japanese sawshark representing the orders Squaliformes, Squatiniformes, Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes, Heterodontiformes, Hexanchiformes, Carcharhiniformes and Pristiophoriformes respectively. Void: A lack of a suit in a player's hand. Upcard: The first card turned up after a deal, often to begin play or initiate a discard pile. Trump: A suit designated to be higher ranking than any other suit any card in that suit. Trick: A round of cards played, one from each player's hand.
Trey: A card of the rank of three, also called a three-spot. Talon: A portion of the pack reserved for later use during the deal. Tableau: In solitaire, the layout of cards on the playing surface, not including the foundations. Table: The playing area also, to lay down a meld on the playing area. Stock: The undealt cards available for future use. Singleton: A holding of only one card in a suit. Sequence: Two or more cards in consecutive order. Reserve: In solitaire, a group of cards available to be played. Pot: A pile of chips or counters to be collected by the winner. Pass: A spoken declaration not to make a bid in Hearts, three hidden cards exchanged among the players. No-trump: The condition when no suit is trumps in a trick-taking game. Meld: A combination of cards with scoring value, generally three or more cards in sequence in one suit or all of the same rank also, to show or play such a combination. Match: To equate by being of the same rank (or by another criterion). Marriage: A meld consisting of the king and queen. Maker: A player who takes on a specific obligation, such as to take a certain number of points or tricks, often along with the right to choose the trump suit.
Lay off: To play one or more cards according to allowable plays. Kitty: A common chip pool also (in a few games) cards available for exchange. Hand: The cards dealt to a player also, the period of play in the game between one deal and the next. Going out: Playing, melding, or discarding your final card. Game: A total number of points to achieve also, what constitutes winning or ending a game.
Contract: An agreement to win a certain number of tricks or points in a game or round.Ĭutthroat: Each player playing on his or her own.ĭeal: The act of portioning out the cards to the players also, the period of play in the game between one deal and the next.ĭeclaration: A statement to fulfill a contract.ĭeuce: A card of the rank of two also called a two-spot.ĭraw trumps: To lead high trumps in order to deplete opponent's hand of trumps.įace value: The numerical value of a card.įlush: A set of cards all of the same suit.įollow suit: To play a card of the suit led.įoundation: In solitaire, a starting card on which other specific cards are played.
0 kommentar(er)
